猪油氢化及其综合利用新工艺

叙述了猪油常压催化氢化、硬化油水解制硬脂酸和甘油、甘油与硬化油发生交酯反应制备单硬脂酸甘油酯的工艺条件。     

Efficient esterification of sorbitan oleate by lipase in a solvent-free system

The lipase-catalyzed esterification of sorbitan with oleic acid in a solvent-free system to form sorbitan oleate (commercial name Span80) was studied as a feasible approach aimed at meeting the demand for sugar alcohol-based surfactants. Screened results obtained from enzymatic synthesis of sorbitan oleate indicated that Novozym 435 had its highest catalytic activity in a solvent-free system. The introduction of a reduced-pressure system increased the production of sorbitan oleate to a maximum of 95% of theoretical, obtained from 0.2 mol sorbitan, 0.1 mol oleic acid, and 2.0 g lipase (6 wt% of sorbitan) in a solvent-free reaction mixture at optimal reaction conditions. Results obtained from lipase-catalyzed batch esterification reactions showed that more than 90% conversion of sorbitan oleate was maintained after 10 batches of esterification reactions, indicating excellent enzyme stability. Subsequent analysis by HPLC indicated that the product of enzyme-catalyzed esterification by the immobilized lipase contained a significantly greater amount of monoester (about 80%) compared to the composition obtained by chemical synthesis (about 50%).     

单硬脂酸甘油酯熔点分析方法研究

通过不同的熔点测试方法：两端开口毛细管法和数字熔点仪测定了单硬脂酸甘油酯（单甘酯）的熔点。结果表明,两端开口毛细管法测得的数据精密度较高,而且此法操作方便、重复性强、结果准确、经济。同时还总结了两端开口毛细管法测定熔点的影响因素及注意事项。     

单甘脂对聚苯乙烯挤出发泡性能的影响

利用超临界二氧化碳挤出发泡法,研究了单硬脂酸甘油脂（GMS）母粒的添加量对聚苯乙烯（PS）发泡性能的影响。采用毛细管流变仪研究了GMS添加量对PS/GMS体系的流变特性的影响,观察并测试了发泡材料的微观泡孔结构。研究结果表明,GMS的添加会降低树脂的黏度。母粒中含有的多组分GMS和少组分乙烯-醋酸乙烯（EVA）共同影响制品的表观密度、平均泡孔直径和泡孔密度等参数。在GMS添加量为1.05%,EVA添加量为0.45%时,制品的平均泡孔直径最小,泡孔密度最大。     

Thermodynamic Parameters and their Dependence on Temperature in the Range 298–353 K for Ethoxylated Sorbitan Ester Tween 20, 40, 60 and 80 Surfactants

Thermodynamic parameters of liquid ethoxylated sorbitan ester (Tween 20, 40, 60 and 80) surfactants have been evaluated. For the estimation of these parameters, molar volumes (V) and volume expansion coefficients (α) at different temperatures are employed. These dilatometric studies are predominantly directed towards the establishment of the invariant nature of Sharma's parameter (S₀). The S₀ and all other parameters values are used to discuss and throw light on the internal structure, molecular order, molecular packing, molecular movement and intermolecular interactions.     

采用气相色谱法测定失水山梨醇单脂肪酸酯

本文将失水山梨醇单脂肪酸酯水解为山梨醇酐和脂肪酸，将脂肪酸甲酯化后，采用气相色谱法测定各种脂肪酸的相对百分含量，由此计算失水山梨醇单脂肪酸酯的百分含量。测定方法简便易行，测定结果准确。     

Sodium caseinate–maltodextrin conjugate hydrolysates: Preparation,characterisation and some functional properties

Hydrolysates of sodium caseinate (NaCN)–maltodextrin (Md40 or Md100) conjugates were prepared with a limited (<10%) and moderate (>10%) degree of hydrolysis. When assessed in the pH range 2.0–8.0, each conjugate hydrolysate had improved solubility compared to NaCN and their respective native unhydrolysed conjugate. Oil-in-water emulsions containing NaCN (1%, w/w, protein) and various combinations of conjugate hydrolysates (0.2%, w/w) and/or glycerol monostearate (0.07–0.3%, w/w, GMS) were prepared; emulsion storage stability (at 45 °C for up to 20 days) and heat stability (at 140 °C for up to 20 min) was determined by measuring changes in the mean size of fat globules in emulsions. NaCN plus conjugate hydrolysate-stabilised emulsions had improved storage stability compared to a NaCN stabilised emulsion. In general, NaCN plus conjugate hydrolysate-stabilised emulsions were less heat-stable than NaCN or NaCN plus GMS stabilised emulsions; however, emulsions stabilised by NaCN plus one of the conjugate hydrolysates (CH102) had improved heat stability in comparison to the NaCN stabilised emulsion. The results show that hydrolysates of NaCN–Md conjugates have potential for use as emulsification aids in emulsion-based food products.     

Production of new hybrid systems for drug delivery by PGSS (Particles from Gas Saturated Solutions) process

The formulation of S-(+)-ibuprofen as a model water-insoluble drug in different carrier materials (poloxamers, gelucire and glyceryl monostearate, GMS) by Particles from Gas Saturated Solutions (PGSS) technique has been studied. Porous, spherical particles of 50⿿200 μm have been obtained with encapsulation efficiencies up to 90%. Differential scanning calorimetry assays reveal modifications on the structure of the material, with formation of a solid solution in experiments with poloxamer carriers, and formation of solid dispersions with a possible reduction of the crystallinity of the carrier in experiments with GMS. Drug release tests in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids have been performed. Formulations with poloxamer carrier materials provided an increased solubility of ibuprofen in the gastrointestinal fluids, with a very fast release and dissolution of this compound, while gelucire and GMS carriers did not improve the solubility of ibuprofen, but provided a slower, controlled release of the drug. PGSS-processed samples presented a superior performance over physical mixtures in terms of the solubility increase and the control of the release rate. These results show the wide possibilities and flexibility of the PGSS technique for the development of hybrid formulations of water-insoluble active compounds with hydrophilic or hydrophobic carrier materials, achieving either an increased, accelerated dissolution, or a slower, controlled delivery, depending on the choice of carrier materials.     

硬酯酸一缩二乙二醇磷酸酯的绿色合成工艺

用硬酯酸和一缩二乙二醇制备了一缩二乙二醇单硬酯酸酯,再与聚磷酸作用合成硬酯酸一缩二乙二醇磷酸酯。实验表明,在硬酯酸与一缩二乙二醇摩尔比为1∶1、复合催化剂用量为原料量的0 5%、温度为140℃的条件下反应3h,硬酯酸的转化率达97 5%。按生成硬酯酸一缩二乙二醇磷酸单酯的理论原料配比配料,用分批加入浓度不同的磷酸、红外与常规加热结合的方法合成目标产物,磷的转化率达87%。     

优质失水山梨醇单硬脂酸酯的合成

以山梨醇和硬脂酸为原料,采用先醚化后酯化的二步法合成失水山梨醇单硬脂酸酯。研究了各主要影响因素对目标产物的色泽和三项指标(酸值、羟值、皂化值)的影响,研究发现醚化催化剂的种类影响目标产物的色泽;产物的皂化值随硬脂酸与山梨醇物质的量比的减小而减小;产物的羟值随醚化脱水增多而下降。研究得到了适宜的反应条件,即醚化反应条件:温度165℃、时间70min、WH3PO4+KH2PO4=0.60％;酯化反应条件:温度195～200℃、WNa2CO3=0.70％～0.80％、时间180min。经分析,实验得到的目标产物和扩试产物三项指标均合格,产物为乳白色。单酯和双酯的质量分数大于国内同类产物。